Block Walls
Though, both conventional and block walls provide strength and support to the construction foundation, it is seen that the latter is found to be more in vogue with the modern architects and structural engineers. When laying the foundation at the construction sites, it is much easier to use lighter concrete blocks, with a standardized proportion of Portland cement, sand and gravel, rather than using the conventional poured concrete. Concrete walls are always stronger and durable, if they are constructed using premier quality concrete blocks, by stacking them together with fine mortar and cement.
The block walls are popularly used by the construction engineers as these blocks, being hollow, are not only flexible, but are also easy to handle. If these block walls are made by concrete blocks, with a proper mix of cement, gravel and sand, they are in no way inferior to the conventional poured concrete walls. Interestingly these concrete block walls are in some ways more efficient than the conventional poured concrete foundations, due to their high tensile strength and flexibility. The block concrete walls can be further improved by layering the irregularities with finely divided stone chips and gravel after initial foundation is laid. This makes the wall uniform by filling out the spacings between the carefully stacked concrete blocks.
Concrete block walls can be further reinforced by using strong steel bars for support. These horizontal steel bars effectively strengthen the overall set up by providing a strong framework for support, thereby preventing vertical cracks, even in the case of weaker foundations. Just like poured concrete foundations, the block walls are found to support a great deal of force with a tensile strength of almost 40,000 pounds per square inch.
Pigment colors are mixed with kerosene and a binder. The consistency should be just right, for if it is too thick it gives a raised effect on the material, which spoils the design. Small plastic buckets with lids are ideal for storing the mixed colors over a few days.
Cotton saris after pigment printing are dried out in the sun. This is part of the fixing process. They are rolled in wads of newspapers to prevent the dye form adhering to other layers and steamed in boilers constructed for the purpose. Silks are also steamed this way after printing. After steaming, the material is washed thoroughly in large quantities of water and dried in the sun, after which it is finished by ironing out single layers, which fix the color permanently.
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